5种生物制剂对马铃薯种薯萌芽、极端天气下植株生长和产量性状的影响

旨在满足马铃薯生产中茬口衔接、机械化生产技术应用、不利气候下稳产等对马铃薯出苗早、齐、壮的需求,以‘费乌瑞它’为供试品种,用基于有益活菌或工程菌提取物的5种生物制剂进行种薯处理,对多重性状进行了对比分析。5种生物制剂较常规化学制剂,均能够不同程度地促进种薯萌芽和芽根同生,出苗期提前2~7天,播种后49天的出苗率提高3.33%~17.78%。其中,表现最好的为酵母核苷酸衍生物和VDAL,种薯萌发和生根均显著高于对照。霜冻后,生物剂拌种处理在恢复前期促进植株生长,由此促进恢复后期的块茎发育,较常规化学处理增产8.39%~24.03%,体现了不同程度的保产效果。多马道黑、酵母核苷酸衍生物、根肽和VDAL体现出较好的保产效果,可作为种薯处理剂投入马铃薯生产。     

油脂预乳化提高大豆拉丝蛋白素食香肠品质

为了提高大豆拉丝蛋白(Textured Fibril Soy Protein,TFSP)素食香肠的品质,该研究将油脂预乳化工艺应用于TFSP素食香肠的加工,利用响应面试验设计优化了预乳化工艺条件,采用质构分析仪测定分析了产品的质构特性,并进行了感官评价。结果表明优化后的最佳预乳化工艺条件为菜籽油含量445g/L、大豆分离蛋白浓度105g/L、乳化机剪切速率9.0×103r/min。与对照组相比,此条件下制作的预乳化-TFSP素食香肠的凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性分别提高了约1倍、10%和26%,且产品口感鲜嫩、富有汁液感,感官评价得分显著提高。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析了不同工艺制作的TFSP素食香肠在煮制前后微观结构的变化,结果发现油脂预乳化工艺可大大提高乳化油脂的稳定性和在香肠凝胶基质中的均匀分布,从而使乳化油脂的‘填充作用’得以发挥,不仅增强了TFSP素食香肠的保水保油能力,降低了蒸煮损失率,而且对香肠的质构和感官特性产生了重要影响。因此油脂预乳化工艺是一种辅助提高素食香肠整体品质行之有效的方法。     

小麦秸秆压缩弯曲特性试验研究

为给秸秆圆捆打捆装置和其它打捆机构提供相应的力学参数和理论基础,根据麦茎秆的几何尺寸,并利用万能试验机控制夹具加载速度对不同含水率的麦秸秆进行弯曲、轴向压缩和径向压缩等力学特性试验,得出载荷-位移等曲线,并获得相关力学参数数据。利用Origin将数据直观地反映出来,再用MatLab对试验数据进行拟合,得出拟合方程。试验结果表明:麦秸秆压缩所需要的力大于弯曲所需的力;含水率和夹具加载速度在一定范围内时,无论是在麦秸秆的弯曲试验还是压缩试验中,载荷峰值的大小与加载速度和含水率都有关,因此在设计打捆压缩成型机构时需考虑含水率与其关键机构工作转速对打捆装置的影响。     

江西引种无性系茶树良种的灰色关联度评价

[目的]为探究江西省引种省外无性系茶树良种的适应性与特征特性,从中筛选出适宜推广种植的茶树良种.[方法]以25份省外引进无性系茶树良种为材料,测定其农艺性状、化学成分含量、抗逆性和制茶品质等15项性状指标,采用因子分析性状指标的贡献度与相关性,最终利用灰色关联度法对引种品种进行综合分析和评价.[结果]15项性状指标的变异系数范围为5.08％～57.20％,其中13项在10％以上,表明所引进的无性系茶树良种在江西省的适应性差异性较大,其中生长势、EGC、耐旱性、耐旱性最大,发芽密度、一芽二叶百芽质量、一芽一叶期、总游离氨基酸、EC、ECG、EGCG次之,水浸出物和绿茶品质得分最小;因子分析提取的5个主因子能够解释引种品种适应性的79.19％的信息,各性状对主因子均有相应的贡献,性状指标中生长势、发芽密度、耐寒性和耐旱性之间相关性较大,水浸出物、茶多酚、EGCG、EGC和一芽二叶百芽质量之间相关性较大,EGC、EC、咖啡碱和一芽一叶期之间相关性较大;灰色关联度综合评价显示有11个品种的加权关联度在0.7以上,综合评价最好,依次为浙农117、福鼎大白茶、浙农113、鄂茶1号、迎霜、湘波绿2号、浙农902、白毫早、名山白毫、玉笋和春雨1号,这些品种的制茶品质优良,生长势较强、产量较大,物候期早,化学成分含量优异和抗逆性较强;11份品种评价为中等;3份评价较差.[结论]灰色关联度法可应用于茶树引种品种的适应性评价,综合评价最好的11份茶树良种可以在实际生产中进一步推广种植,也可以作为茶树品种选育时的遗传亲本材料,评价中等和较差的应谨慎引种.     

《全唐诗》中荷花五感疗法分析

以荷花为例,用Nvivo软件提取《全唐诗》与荷相关的诗句,从环境心理学的五感疗法角度,分别统计视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉词汇单维度和多维度的出现频次,分析《全唐诗》中荷花五感疗法潜力。结果表明:荷花的视觉和嗅觉景观更容易被诗人感知,触觉景观次之,而荷花的味觉景观体验和听觉景观体验感知较少且单一。根据五感疗法和园艺疗法效果,建议加强荷花景观中的视觉景观体验和嗅觉景观体验设计,增强荷花的五感疗愈效果,促进人体的身心健康。     

Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.     

栽培介质、pH值和氮形态对毛竹幼苗地上部分生长的影响

为进一步明确毛竹幼苗无土栽培的最佳条件,阐明毛竹N形态响应差异的影响因素,加快毛竹实生苗的培育.研究超纯水、砂和蛭石3种栽培介质,2 mM不同N形态(NH4+-N、NO3--N)以及3种pH值(3.8、5.8、7.8)处理对毛竹幼苗地上部的苗高、叶片数、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)及地上部生物量的影响.结果表明:在蛭石和水培时,毛竹生长表现出明显的喜铵性,并且在pH为3.8时生长最好;而砂培时,毛竹幼苗生长对NH4+-N和NO3--N以及pH的响应差异都不明显.相关性分析结果表明,对地上部生长的影响为:栽培介质>pH值>N形态.毛竹幼苗生长及对不同N形态的响应受外界环境条件影响,在蛭石中栽培,供应NH4+-N为主、pH值为3.8的营养液,其生长最好.研究结果可为毛竹幼苗的无土栽培和繁育提供理论参考.     

2018—2020年四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为评估四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力和水平，2018—2020年四川省动物疫病预防控制中心组织全省21个地市（州）级兽医实验室开展了检测能力比对。结果显示：2018—2020年全省整体平均正确率分别为95.59%、97.09%和97.88%，说明四川省地市（州）级兽医实验室检测能力处于较高水平，能满足非洲猪瘟、禽流感等重大动物疫病检测需要。同时，部分实验室也反映出一些问题，如设备差、检测水平不高、检测报告不规范等。建议加大兽医实验室建设力度，更新完善检测设施设备；加强实验室技术人员培训，提升其检测能力和水平；同时继续推进兽医系统实验室考核工作，加强比对考核。     

The integration and insertion site of GbVe1 gene in the genome of transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to obtain the flanking sequences of T-DNA in the transgenic cotton containing a GbVe1 over-expression cassette. [Method] The T-DNA insertion copy number in the transgenic GbVe1 cotton was analyzed by southern blot. Flanking sequences of the transgenic lines with putative single T-DNA insertion copy were obtained using high-efficiency Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (hiTAIL-PCR). The T-DNA insertion sites were further confirmed by PCR with specific primers. [Result] RB-flanking sequences (119-1 018 bp) and LB-flanking sequences (243-516 bp) were obtained from three transgenic lines with low copy number of T-DNA insertion. The AT content was more than 63% in these flanking sequences. A same single insertion site in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was found in the two transgenic lines 7/100826-152 and 12/100826-393, while two separated insertion sites, one also in the intron of Gohir.-D01G157600.1 and the other in the intergenic region of A12 chromosome, were found in the transgenic line 1/w-ch14. A deletion of 21 bp was found in the insertion site in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1. The T-DNA insertion in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was further confirmed by the specific PCR. [Conclusion] The flanking sequences of T-DNA in the transgenic GbVe1 cotton were obtained and the specific transformation event in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was further confirmed by PCR.     

改性酚醛树脂制备及对竹重组材防白蚁效果初步研究

为改善竹重组材防白蚁效果，研究分别在酚醛树脂合成前端和后端加入硼化物，制备竹重组材用改性酚醛树脂，并对改性酚醛树脂压制的板材进行性能测试。研究结果表明：改性酚醛树脂可将竹重组材抗白蚁等级从 8 级提高至 9 级以上；前端改性酚醛树脂压制的竹重组材抗白蚁效果和物理力学性能均优于后端改性酚醛树脂。